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多功能胶囊催化剂在多相催化中的应用研究进展

Recent Advances in Multifunctional Capsule Catalysts in Heterogeneous Catalysis

  • 摘要: 分子筛胶囊催化剂被广泛应用于串联催化反应中.与多步反应相比,串联反应具有更高的化学反应效率,能节约反应时间和原料,并实现反应物到目的产物的一步转化.然而,目前普遍采用的物理混合型催化剂,很难高选择性的生成目的产物.分子筛膜包裹的核-壳型胶囊催化剂由于其特殊的结构形式,在许多串联反应中可以一步高选择性的生成目的产物.如:合成气选择性制异构烷烃,合成气直接制二甲醚,合成气直接制液化石油气等重要多相催化反应.本文综述了分子筛胶囊催化剂的制备方法与应用范围,重点阐述了胶囊催化剂设计,制备及应用方面的最新应用进展,并展望了其研究和发展方向.

     

    Abstract: Capsule catalysts composed of pre-shaped core catalysts and layer zeolites have been widely used in the tandem reactions where multiple continuous reactions are combined into one process. They show excellent catalytic performance in heterogeneous catalysis, including the direct synthesis of middle isoparaffins or dimethyl ether from syngas, as compared to the conventional hybrid catalysts. The present review highlights the recent development in the design of capsule catalysts and their catalytic applications in heterogeneous catalysis. The capsule catalyst preparation methods are introduced in detail, such as hydrothermal synthesis method, dual-layer method, physically adhesive method and single crystal crystallization method. Furthermore, several new applications of capsule catalysts in heterogeneous catalytic processes are presented such as in the direct synthesis of liquefied petroleum gas from syngas, the direct synthesis of para-xylene from syngas and methane dehydroaromatization. In addition, the development in the design of multifunctional capsule catalysts is discussed, which makes the capsule catalyst not just a simple combination of two different catalysts, but has some special functions such as changing the surface hydrophobic or acid properties of the core catalysts. Finally, the future perspectives of the design and applications of capsule catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis are provided.

     

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