Forming Property of Cu Valence State in Cu-doped Barium Sodium Niobate

Adjusted appropriately the ingredient composition of barium sodium niobate（BNN）within it’s tungsten bronze structure forming limits, the Cu-doped BNN synthesized in air has the regularity that Cu in BNN can form naturally Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ The valence state of Cu were determined by XPS analysis The occupancy site of Cu ions in the Cu-doped BNN crystals structure and colour of the Cu-doped BNN crystal are discussed.