Nondoped-type White Organic Light-Emitting Diode Using Star-Shaped Hexafluorenylbenzene as an Energy Transfer Layer

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with a structure of indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB)/1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis(9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzene (HKEthFLYPh)/5,6,11,12 -tetraphenylnaphtacene (rubrene)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)/Mg:Ag were fabricated by vacuum deposition method, in which a novel star-shaped hexafluorenylbenzene HKEthFLYPh was used as an energy transfer layer, and an ultrathin layer of rubrene was inserted between HKEthFLYPh and Alq3 layers as a yellow light-emitting layer instead of using a time-consuming doping process. A fairly pure WOLED with Commissions Internationale De L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.32, 0.33) was obtained when the thickness of rubrene was 0.3 nm, and the spectrum was insensitive to the applied voltage. The device yielded a maximum luminance of 4816 cd/m2 at 18 V.